Quick (and Dirty) Modal Damping

Frank recently told me about "quick" modal damping and explained it as "adding the modal damping forces to the right-hand side but not adding the modal damping terms to the dynamic tangent". The rationale for "quick" modal damping is to reduce computational expense due to: Assembly of modal damping terms into the dynamic tangent must … Continue reading Quick (and Dirty) Modal Damping →

Parametric Oscillator

I sometimes ask collaborators for post ideas. At the end of our meeting this week, Prof. Mark Denavit suggested modeling a parametric oscillator in OpenSees and referred me to the following video. https://youtu.be/MUJmKl7QfDU OK, if you didn't watch the video, the response of a parametric oscillator is modified by some frequency-dependent parameter of the system. … Continue reading Parametric Oscillator →

Negative Feedback Loop

Although it has its proper uses, I'm not a fan of the linear algorithm. I'm even less of a fan of modal damping. However, it's totally reasonable to use these two analysis options together--and if you do, watch out! I'll walk you through a recent encounter with this lethal combination, experienced during a live presentation … Continue reading Negative Feedback Loop →

Get the Accel Out

In OpenSees, a UniformExcitation pattern is functionally equivalent to a regular load pattern, fitting into the framework of a time-varying scalar load factor and constant reference load vector. The scalar load factor is the input ground acceleration, $latex \ddot{u}_g(t)$, while the reference load vector is $latex {\bf P}_{ref}=-{\bf m}{\boldsymbol \iota}$ where $latex {\bf m}$ is … Continue reading Get the Accel Out →

Gimme All Your Modal Damping

The GimmeMCK integrator is one of my more useful contributions to OpenSees. This integrator allows you to extract the individual mass, damping, and stiffness matrices, or some linear combination therein, in order to see what's assembled in an OpenSees model or to bootstrap new functionality. While getting the mass and stiffness matrices seems to work, … Continue reading Gimme All Your Modal Damping →

More Than You or Eigen Chew

Software does exactly what you tell it to do. But problems arise when you don't know--or assume you know--what instructions you're giving. For example, many people like to use the 'fullGenLapack' eigenvalue solver in OpenSees because it will compute all N eigenpairs (eigenvalue with corresponding eigenvector) for a model whereas the default eigenvalue solver will … Continue reading More Than You or Eigen Chew →

Much Ado About Damping

I do not remember why I was searching the internet for "damping" a couple weeks ago, but I came across this document on constructing a Rayleigh damping matrix, $latex {\bf C}=\alpha {\bf M}+\beta {\bf K}$. But instead of taking the usual approach of specifying damping ratios for exactly two frequencies of vibration, the document describes … Continue reading Much Ado About Damping →

Initial Conditions

There are a couple ways to set initial conditions for nodal displacements and velocities in OpenSees. If you look at the end of this post, you'll see the hard way to do it: set initial displacements as single point (sp) constraints in a load pattern, do one analysis step, then remove the load pattern prior … Continue reading Initial Conditions →

OpenSeesaw

A moderately frequent OpenSees question is what happens to a structural model when you apply a rotational ground motion as a uniform excitation. Sure, rotational masses will receive effective earthquake forces, but what about dynamic DOFs that are orthogonal to the rotational ground excitation, i.e., with a "moment arm"? And if there is a moment … Continue reading OpenSeesaw →

Interpolation of Ground Acceleration

There was a question on GitHub a few months ago about whether or not OpenSees uses linear interpolation when the analysis time step is smaller than the time step (digitization) of an input ground acceleration. This is a good question as I've used other software that does not interpolate and instead uses the acceleration of … Continue reading Interpolation of Ground Acceleration →